Contents
To get
into UNIX on HP workstation
Using either the center or the right mouse button to click on the grey
area (desktop) behind your graphics window. Choose system utilities.
You can use either an "xterm" or "hpterm" window. You should
see a "$" or "#" character depending on which types of window
you are using. You are now at the UNIX prompt. You can begin typing commands.
Directory tree
/users/[a-z]/[username]:
User data
/users/[a-z]/[username]/arch:
Archived user data
/release: Released
files
/stdvendor:
Standard and Vendor parts
/grip: Grip
programs
/training: Training
exercises
/hotbk/users/[a-z]/[username]:
Hot-backup of several days of user data
/edf: EDF
zone models, EDF layout files and pattern files
/utils: UNIX
and UGII utility programs
Wild characters and other
special characters
* zero to many characters
? single character
~(tilde) directory
of, e.g., cd ~kimc changes directory to /users/k/kimc
. (dot)
current directory
..(double dots) parent directory
| (vertical bar) pipe command
Directory commands
cd /directory:
changes current direcoty to directory
cd: takes
you to your "home" directory
cd ..(double dots): takes you
to parent directory
cd -: takes you back to the directory
before the last cd command
cd ~username: change directory
to username
cd ../..: go up two directories
pwd: tells you what present working
directory(pwd) you are currently in
ls: short
listing of pwd
lsf: short
listing of files and directories in pwd. The directories in pwd are marked
with "/".
ll or
ls -l: long listing of pwd which
show permission for files and directories
ls -a: short
listing of pwd including invisible "dot" files
ll -d directory:
displays permissions for a directory
ll -t: sort
by time modified (latest first) before sorting alphabetically
ll a*: long
listing of all files beginning with "a"
ll *a*: ong
listing of all files with "a" in their names
ll ?a*: long
listing of all files whose name has "a" on second position
ls [edf]*: short
listing of all files beginning with "e", "d", or "f"
ls [a-g]*: short
listing of all beginning with "a" thru "g"
ll [0-9]*: long
listing of all files beginning with a number
Copy files
You must have write permission of the destination directory you are trying
to copy a file to.
cp file1 file2:
copy file1 to file2 in pwd. If there is file2
already in pwd, it will be overwritten
cp -i file1 file2:
prompts user before overwriting file2
cp ../file1 .:
copy file1 in the parent directory to pwd without changing
name
cp ~kimc/file1 .:
copy file1 in /users/k/kimc directory to pwd without
changing name
cp ~kimc/file1 ~username:
copy file1 in /users/k/kimc to username directory with
same name
cp ~kimc/1f*.prt .:
copy all files in /users/k/kimc directory whose name start
with 1f and end with .prt into pwd. If two or more files are copied, the
destination must be a directory.
Print files
lp file1:
prints file1 to the default printer
lp -dlw5a47 file1:
prints file1 to lw5a47
lpstat printer:
shows status of a printer
Move or rename files
mv file1 file2:
renames file1 to file2 in pwd
mv file1 dest_directory:
moves file1 to dest_directory with same name
mv file1 dest_directory/file2:
moves file1 to dest_directory and renames it to file2
/users/k/kimc/rname:
script file written by Jim Lawson to replace old text string
in multiple files with the new text string
Remove (delete) files
Warning: rm removes file(s)
without asking for confirmation. Use rm -i
instead of rm or list file(s) before
actually removing them especially when using wild characters.
rm file1:
removes file1
rm -f: force
remove file or directory without prompting for confirmation
rm -i: requests
confirmation before removing each entry
rm -r or
rm -R: removes everything in a
subdirectory and the directory itself. Be very careful.
Working with files
chmod: changes
permissions for file or directory
chmod 600 file:
changes permission to read/write for owner
chmod 660 file:
change permission to read/write for owner and group
chmod 644 file:
change permission to read/write for owner and read for group
and other (default)
head file1:
displays first 10 lines (default) of a file1
more file1:
to view the content of a file1
tail file1:
displays last 10 lines (default) of a file1
tail -n file1:
displays last n lines of a file1
vi file1:
create or edit a file1.
Miscellaneous
grep word: to
find all occurrences of word in piped input
date: displays
time and date
cal: displays
current month
cal 96: displays
1996 calendar
clear: clears
the screen
echo: displays
variable
echo $PATH:
displays the content of a variable PATH
env: obtains
the current environment
To find a file run CAD Utilities under pull down menu.
Examples
ll | grep word:
lists all files containing word in pwd
ll | grep 'Oct 17':
lists all files modified in Oct 17, single quotes needed due
to embedded space(s) in search string
ll | lp: lists
pwd and pipe the output to the default printer
ll -t | grep macro | lp -dlw5a47:
sorts by time (latest first), then grabs files containin macro
and prints to lw5a47